THE LINGUISTIC ANALYSIS OF CHINESE EMOTICON

When the emoticon was created in 1980s, many commentators have even described this creation as futile effort for improving internet communication efficiency. Even in the famous “language and the internet” (Crystal, 2001), the finder of internet linguistic, David Crystal argues that emoticons at the time “are a potentially helpful but extremely crude way of capturing some of the basic features of facial expression, but their semantic role is limited.” Nevertheless, after two decades have passed, emoticon not only survived but turned into an irreplaceable linguistic aspect in the internet language. During its evolution process, emoticon was also transmuted into different forms for accommodating specialties in different language input systems. Among all sorts of emoticons which were evolved this way, Chinese emoticons represent many unique characterizations due to the hieroglyphic aspect of Chinese characters, special sound-meaning-form relationship and peculiar input method. This thesis will explore the background and linguistic functions of emoticons, investigate how those special characterizations distinguish Chinese emoticons from others; analyze how Chinese emoticons to fulfill those missing communication properties in Chinese internet language and syntax; discuss the linguistic effects of those Chinese characters which are picked as emoticon, such as the dual effect toward the meaning of character and real life oral communication; and summarizing Chinese emoticon as a linguistic defined subgroup of emoticon

Experimental Investigation of Thermal Cracking and Permeability Evolution of Granite with Varying Initial Damage under High Temperature and Triaxial Compression

Thermal cracking and permeability evolution of granite under high temperature and triaxial compression are the key to designing high-level waste disposal sites. In this paper, uniaxial compression tests of granite specimens with different axial compression are designed, and then a solid-head-designed coupling triaxial testing system is applied to study thermal cracking and permeability evolution of granite specimen with different damage at different inlet gas pressures (1, 2, 4, and 6 MPa) and temperatures (ranging from 100 to 650°C). The test results show that granite, nearly impermeable rocks, can show a striking increase of permeability by heating beyond the critical temperature. When the initial axial pressure is 60% or 70% of the uniaxial compressive strength, the growth of granite permeability exhibits three stages during 100∼650°C heating process. Permeability increases by two orders of magnitude, but it does not reach the maximum value (i.e., a network of interconnected cracks is not fully formed in the specimen). With increasing initial damage, permeability shows a sharp increase. Permeability increases by three orders of magnitude, it is in equilibrium state, and a network of interconnected cracks is fully formed in the specimen. Permeability of granite has a critical temperature at which permeability increases sharply. When the temperature is lower than the critical temperature, the magnitude of permeability is 10−18 m2 with a slight increase. When temperature is higher than the critical temperature, the magnitude of permeability is 10−15 m2 with a sharp increase. The critical temperature is related to the initial damage of specimen, and the critical temperature is smaller with the initial damage going larger. Therefore, studying thermal cracking and permeability evolution of granite with different initial damage under high temperature and triaxial compression is expected to provide necessary and valuable insight into the design and construction of high-level waste disposal structures

Numerical and experimental investigation on self-synchronization of two eccentric rotors in the vibration system

In this paper, we study the coupling dynamic characteristic of a single mass vibration machine driven by two eccentric rotors rotating oppositely. According to the coordinate of rotor flux, we deduce the electromagnetic torque of an induction motor in the steady state operation. From three ways of numerical analysis, model simulation and experiment, we discuss the coupling dynamic characteristic by using the actual parameters of this vibration machine. The results show that when the synchronization condition is satisfied, not only the vibration synchronization transmission can be achieved, but also the synchronization motion of the two motors with different power supply frequencies also can be achieved. The phase of the bigger mass-radius product lags behind that of the smaller one, the phase of the bigger distance between the rotation center of eccentric rotor and the mass center of the vibration rigid body lags behind that of the smaller one, and the phase difference decreases with increasing the synchronization velocity. We present a new method that adjusting the power supply frequencies of the two motors to make the vibration system with different structure parameters carry out the 0 phase difference, and its feasibility is verified by experiment

Understanding The Electrospinability Of Complex Coacervates

Complex coacervation is an associative, liquid-liquid phase separation that is driven by the electrostatic and entropic interactions between oppositely-charged polymers in water. For many coacervating systems it is possible to transition from the liquid coacervate state to a solid material by removing salt. This ‘saloplasticity’ allows for the processing of materials via methods such as spin coating, extrusion, etc. using the coacervate phase as a liquid precursor. In particular, we have developed an approach that uses complex coacervation as an environmentally friendly method for fabricating ultra-stable electrospun fibers directly from aqueous solutions. We have used this method to electrospin complexes of various synthetic polymers as well as natural biopolymers. These efforts have required the simultaneous exploration of the phase behavior of coacervate formation, as well as the rheology of the liquid coacervates

Electrospinning complex coacervates

As polymer-based materials become ever more integrated into our daily lives, there is an increasing need to develop both materials that are safe for the consumer, and manufacturing strategies that have a minimal impact on the environment. However, the vast majority of polymers require either organic solvents for dissolution, or the use of potentially cytotoxic cross-linking agents to prevent material dissolution. Additionally, many of the chemistries and solution conditions necessary for processing can damage cargo molecules and create biocompatibility issues for subsequent use. Complex coacervation is an associative, liquid-liquid phase separation that has the potential to circumvent many of the challenges associated with processing traditional polymers and encapsulating actives. Complex coacervation is driven by the electrostatic and entropic interactions between oppositely-charged polymers in water. For many coacervating systems, the solid or liquid nature of the complex can be tuned via the concentration of salt present. Additionally, the strength of the electrostatic interactions within the complex are such that in the absence of salt, solid complexes are highly resistant to thermal melting and/or solvent dissolution. Furthermore, complex coacervation has a strong history of use for the encapsulation of a range of cargo. We have taken advantage of this salt-driven plasticity to enable fabrication of ultra-stable electrospun fibers directly from aqueous solutions. These efforts have required the simultaneous characterization of coacervation, as well as the effect of cargo molecules on the phase behavior and rheology of the resulting coacervates/precursor solutions. Furthermore, these materials show tremendous promise for the use of electrospun coacervate-based nanofiber meshes across a range of applications

Synchronization and coupling dynamic characteristics of a dual-rotors exciter

In this work, some theoretical analyses, numerical simulations and experimental results on synchronization of a dual-rotors exciter are given. The exciter is made up of two rotors with eccentric masses (REMs) respectively driven by two DC motors with common axis. By adjusting the phase difference between two REMs to change the response amplitude, the decoupling between response amplitude and exciting frequency can be realized. The motion equations of the vibration system are established by using Lagrange equation, and the dimensionless coupling equations of that are obtained by applying the average method of small parameter. According to the existence condition of the zero solution of the dimensionless coupling equations, the synchronization condition of the vibration system is obtained. The stability condition of the vibration system implementing synchronization motion is acquired based on the principle of Hamilton. Through the comparison between numerical simulations and experimental results, the validity of theoretical analyses is proved, which helps the design of the dual-rotors exciter

Numerical and experimental investigation on self-synchronization of two eccentric rotors in the vibration system

In this paper, we study the coupling dynamic characteristic of a single mass vibration machine driven by two eccentric rotors rotating oppositely. According to the coordinate of rotor flux, we deduce the electromagnetic torque of an induction motor in the steady state operation. From three ways of numerical analysis, model simulation and experiment, we discuss the coupling dynamic characteristic by using the actual parameters of this vibration machine. The results show that when the synchronization condition is satisfied, not only the vibration synchronization transmission can be achieved, but also the synchronization motion of the two motors with different power supply frequencies also can be achieved. The phase of the bigger mass-radius product lags behind that of the smaller one, the phase of the bigger distance between the rotation center of eccentric rotor and the mass center of the vibration rigid body lags behind that of the smaller one, and the phase difference decreases with increasing the synchronization velocity. We present a new method that adjusting the power supply frequencies of the two motors to make the vibration system with different structure parameters carry out the 0 phase difference, and its feasibility is verified by experiment